جستارنامه ادبیات تطبیقی
پیاپی 10 (زمستان 1398)

Magical realism, as a new style influenced by the West, especially Latin America, was introduced to world literature, but this fiction style is not only devoted to this region of the world, but also in the fiction literature of other countries, including Iran. Accordingly, the main questions in this thesis are that what are the components of magical realism in the novels of «Ei reino de este mundo" and" le siecle des lumieres" from Aljo Carpentier as one of the pioneers of this style from the Latin American region and the valuable work by Mahmoud Dowlatabadi, entitled"Rūzgār-i siparī shudah-ʼi mardum-i sālkhūrdah"? What are the factors influencing the material of these novels? The main purpose of this research is the comparative analysis of the components of magical realism in the selected works of these two writers which has been done by analytical-descriptive method.  The result of this thesis shows that magical realism both in Latin America and in Iran has a passion for fans that have used this monument in their works. The two authors of the study, which have been studied in this study, both have used and applied the same types of magical realism style as their own unique works in their works. But the nature and form of these components, despite the similarity and classification of the same, have unique characteristics that derive from the native, cultural and living beliefs of the author. Also, the creatures, animals, and the supernatural and strange elements of these two writers have different perceptions. The state of affairs in spelling or spellbound spaces is more unpopular than the carpentry.

Dignity in the culture of Islamic mysticism is one of the most widely used terms and concepts. This issue has not only stopped at the theoretical level, but has also been reflected in the practical history of Muslim mystics. They have used it to achieve various personal and social goals. In this article, we intend to deal with the fields of application of miracles in the practical life of Sufism based on the opinions of two well-known personalities in the field of Islamic mysticism, namely Ali ibn Osman Hojwiri (author of Kashf al-Mahjoob) and Abolghasem Qosheiri (author of Resaleye Qosheiriyeh). For this purpose, descriptive and analytical methods have been used and data collection has been done based on library resources. Also, the statistical population of the research is the books of Kashf al-Mahjoob and the Resaleye Qosheiriyeh. Dignity in Hojwiri's and Qosheiri's views has two individual and social dimensions. In other words, mystics have sometimes used dignity to fulfill personal desires and sometimes for the public good. In general, the common areas of application in these two works are: mind reading and frosting; capturing the forces and elements of nature; hearing Hatef's voice; talking to the prophets in life and death; communication with animals; healing patients. The distinguishing features of the application of dignity in these two works are the greater variety and breadth of the Resaleye Qosheiriyeh and the multiplicity of its examples and parables than the discovery of the obligatory and the more prominent theoretical aspect of the satirical work. Also, Hojwiri refers to miracles such as: talking to God and tying the phrase on the body of the deceased Sheikh, and as a result of a layer of miracles such as: knowledge of the unseen, possession of objects, Sheikh's conversation with the tree, and death and voluntary life. Come

Humane rights are a continuum of natural rights that All human beings have it because they are human. The creators of global statements of human rights, have arranged the articles of humane rights and have passed them by the united nations general convention. There are various points about human rights in Islamic sources.. In this article,, the Nahj-ul-balaghe is used in order to obtain human rights of Imam Ali (peace be upon him); in which we can find the principals and understandings of humane rights and the way if its application. In this research, we try to use the descriptive-analytical method based on the book of Nahj al-Balaghah to Compare Imam Ali's (as) human rights perspective with articles on human rights in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The result of this comparison and study is that there are some similarities in these two resources but because of difference in rights reference of each one, there are some differences in some of the rights. The objective of this research is to match the humane rights statements of Nahj-ulBalaghe with mentioned rights and grants in the statement articles, so as to illuminate the weaknesses and strength of this statement.

The concept of cultural semiotics are existed by semioticians as the first concept that needed more consideration in cultural elements gathering respect. This knowledge provides deep understanding of ones and others culture by use of cultural elements. Shahname of Ferdosi is one of good examples between multi-cultural texts by dealing with different ethnic groups. So we try to consider the story rejection and expulsion of Siavash in cultural semiotic respect and his position from his and others point of views by descriptive and analytical methods in this study. This study wants to specify why Siavash is known among his family and also others as a stranger. We want to expand the scope of cultural semiotic studies and also use the analytical tools in related text. The results show that  Siavash is known as a stranger not only between Tooranian (as others), but also in his home land. From the point of view of one of his relatives (his father), he is a problematic person and should stay away from government. In this respect he is known as others.

Myth has been one of the constituting elements of culture as well as ethnic and national identity of societies. Some mythologists consider it as the religion of the early civilizations and the era before the expansion of the monotheistic religions. Myths of different nations have similarities and uniformities. The confrontation between myths against each other and their hard-fought battle together with each other have been transmitted to us today in the stories that are subject to various interpretations. In Shahnameh, the mythical characters inherit special credit and in the Avesta and Pahlavi books are of the supernatural aspect. By touching upon the first patricide myth in Shahnameh, in the current study it has been tried to show that events leading to patricide in the myths of Shahnameh and the world have overt and covert angles; however, the mythological patricide is one of their supernatural aspects. By examining the reasons for patricide and studying the similar and different aspects of mythological, epic, and historical characters of Iran and the world, it seems that gaining power and reign have the highest frequency; the gods have obvious interferences in the western world's patricide, while in the eastern world, it seldom happens due to the father’s sanctity. Other reasons include magic, love, maternal, intentional, and unintentional parenting provocations.

Languages are widening every day and new words and structures are born when they are needed. The objective of this study is to survey the strategies that are used in the translation of neologisms in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and to see if there is a significant difference between the strategies used by Persian translators in the novel Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and to find the most and the least strategies adopted by the Persian translators. To address the objectives of the present study, the researcher selected two Persian translations of the novel. To identify the neologisms used in the texts, the source text along with its translations was cross-analyzed sentence-by-sentence. Afterwards, on the basis of Newmark's definitions and classifications of neologisms, the neologisms were identified. The strategies which were used in the translation of various types of neologisms were also investigated. Data analysis involved quantitative analysis. It was concluded that the most frequent strategy used by translator Vida Eslamieh was through-translation and the least frequent strategy was modulation. In Shahnaz Majidi's translation, the most frequent strategy was through-translation. The least frequent strategies were modulation and descriptive terms. According to the results of the chi-square test, there was no significant difference among the strategies used by two Persian translators in translation of neologisms. The results of this study can be useful for translators and students to become aware of the strategies used in English to Persian translations of the neologisms.